| BG_VIEW |
[Features] The background
graphics, display position and display size are set up.
[Format] BG_VIEW
[StartX],[StartY],[ViewsizeX],[ViewsizeY],[Magnifying display],[Graphic screen
sync switch]
[Explanation]
In the initial state because 'BG' is
hidden, in use, it turn on display by 'SCREEN' statement.
The background graphics, display position and display size are set
up.
The background graphic is comprised of the row of
parts of the graphic buffer, the parts are 16x16 pixel
each.
One screen 16x16parts as a base unit, It sets up
square so that the whole area may become 256 screens.
(BG_SCALE)
Indication starting coordinate (upper left) is
set up by [StartX],[StartY]. (default 0,0)
The starting
point coordinates(0,0) of sprite are also synchronized to this start
coordinate.
Display portion extracted from Background
graphics, it specify by [ViewsizeX],[ViewsizeY]. (default
256,256)
As 'Magnifying display', the whole(BG &
Sprite) magnifying power is specified.
It specify the
number according to machine's resolution.
It can be
specified in decimal units. (reduce in less than 1. max
64)
[Resolution x2 switch] can be specified as the 7th
parameter.
n=0 or unspecified: nomal
mode.
n=1: Sprite x2 resolution.
n=2: Sprite & BG x2 resolution.
[Graphic screen sync
switch]
It use, when using Graphic screen as the back and
making it 2screens-scrolling.
To specify whether to make
graphic screen synchronize with BG screen size.
0
Synchronize-ON.
Graphic screen is full screen from
the top left.(default)
1
Synchronize-OFF.
Graphic screen is the same size
& position as BG screen frame.
Expansion rate
also becomes the same.
The display reading position
of graphic screen can be specified by 'roll
,,vx,vy'.
(Virtual hardware scroll
feature)
e.g. sample:
"smp_2roll.bas"
Also, by adding 2 to
this value (n=2,n=3),
it's possible to mask the
outside of 'BG_VIEW' frame with black.
With this, covering
Sprite that overflow outside the frame.
[supplementation]
If parameter are omitted, it will keep
the previous values. (Initial state 0,0,256,256)
Graphic screen size is ensured as much as display screen
size.
and, for models with extra memory,
1536Pixel(H*V) is ensured over the display screen.
It can use for double scrolling within BG-frame.
Also if [sync switch] value=1 then, the text screen is synchronized similarly
with display position and size.
There is currently no
command to expand the Graphics buffer size,
by
making a dummy picture of plain be hope size and 'gload'(command)
it,
the size can be expanded up to
3840x3840.
For machines with less
memory and resolution, up to 2160x2160.
For more than 4K
or higher resolution machines, it corresponds up to the resolution.
[Resolution x2 switch] Supplement and
Details.
For example, when BG-picture made with 'bg_view
,,256,256' and zoom-in for full screen,
usually, if
[ Sprite definition range of 'sp_def' is 16x16 ]
then [ display range of 'sp_put' is 16x16(BGpaets-1piece)
],
This switch on then,
contents of the buffer[definition range 32x32] can be displayed into
(BGpaets-1piece) size.
Even in this display, the
BG-Graphic's collision judgment is the same as in the case of
[16x16].
[2] = Sprite x2 resolution and BG-Graphic x2
resolution.
Normaly, Buffer-load source is [1part=16pixel
units] in BG, this will be double 32pixel.
(The buffer's
definition picture also prepares what was drawn at
1block=32ｘ32)
With this, [movement unit] and [collision
judgment] become the same treatment as case 16.
As a usage
example, 5th-parameter[Magnifying display]=2 and this[Resolution x2 switch]=2
then,
display is 32ｘ32pixel resolution, [Coordinate
specification] and
[various judgment] can be handled
in the same way as [16x16].
(In OpenGL mode, because huge
images are necessary, can not be specified this BG double,
value=2)
e.g.
screen
,,,1
bg_view 0,0,256,256,2
| BG_SCALE |
[Features] The size of the
whole background graphics is specified.
[Format] BG_SCALE x,y
[Explanation]
The number of horizontal screens and the number of vertical screens are
specified.
The gross area
(x*y) must be for 256 screens or less.
One screen consists of 16x16 parts.
[e.g.]
bg_scale 16,16
bg_scale 8,1
| BG_PUT |
[Features] A parts is drawn on
background graphics by coordinates specification of a screen.
[Format] BG_PUT x,y,n
[Explanation]
The parts pattern n is written in the
background graphics of specification coordinates.
Writing is immediately reflected
in the display.
This coordinate
isn't coordinate of the whole background graphics(not BG_FILL type),
it becomes coordinate of the
pixel, displayed on a screen. (same as the coordinate of sprite.)
A pattern number is a pattern of a
graphic buffer(it is divided per 16x16 pixels.).
Pattern number n = BG Horizontal position(0~) + BG Vertical position(0~) x256.
e.g. If position(4,2), the Pattern
number is 516.
In the case of reversing display.
X-Reversing is further add +128
into pattern number.(8th bit 1)
Y-Reversing is further add -32768 into pattern number.(16th bit 1)
[e.g.]
bg_put 128,96,4
bg_put 128,96,4+128 :'x-reverse
BG_FILL
[Features] Background graphics
are filled up with the specified parts.
[Format] BG_FILL n,x1,y1 [,x2,y2] [,Copy-switch]
[Explanation]
Pattern
number n = BG Horizontal position(0~) + BG Vertical position(0~) x256.
When 'Copy-switch' is omitted, to be filled
with pattern n. The range is (x1,y1)-(x2,y2).
When (x2,y2) is omitted, it
becomes the writing of (x1,y1) independently.
The coordinate used here becomes the
coordinate of the parts unit of whole background graphic.
When BG_SCALE 4,4 is specified, the
range becomes 0～63,0～63. (with 1 screen the row of 16 parts)
A display isn't updated until 'BG_SCENE'
is performed.
When 'Copy-switch' is specified, the parts side of buffer also moves
according with the x, y moves.
Buffer's image of the range appears in the BackgroundGraphics side, in
appearance as it is.
'CopySwitch'
value.
0.No reverse.
1.X-reverse. Order of parts is
from x2 to x1. Value is added +128.
2.Y-reverse. Order of parts is
from y2 to y1. Value is added -32768.
3.XY-reverse. It becomes the order
which combined 1 and 2.
[e.g.]
bg_fill
520,10,10,20,20
bg_fill
520,10,10,20,20,3 :'xy-reverse
| BG_SCENE |
[Features] To specify first
start screen of Background graphics.
[Format] BG_SCENE x,y
[Explanation]
Let be a unit, 1screen= 16x16parts.
(same as 'BG_SCALE')
The range which can be specified:
0~(BG_SCALE value-1).
[e.g.]
bg_scene 0,3
| BG_ROLL |
[Features] To make Background
graphic map scroll.
[Format] BG_ROLL [Direction-X],[Direction-Y] [,n]
[,Absolutely-AX] [,Absolutely-AY]
[Explanation]
The scroll direction is specified by positive number(right,up) and negative
number(left,down). Value 0 doesn't scroll.
Scrollable range of pixels that can be
specified at one time is (-16~0~16).
Even if it carries out specification beyond it, the absolute value 16 doesn't
exceed.
The vertical and horizontal
end is connected.(spherical scroll)
If specified as n= 1, sprite will also move according to scrolling.
In OpenGL mode,
it can specify absolutely coordinate AX,AY.
(In this case, Relative-posXY and
n-switch is not used)
The range is
'bg_scale'width * 256 pixel.
(Example: [bg_scale 4,2] - The range: AX:0~1023 AY:0~511)
Although the portion beyond the range is
looping,
in OpenGL mode, it
will not be spherical scroll display.
[e.g.]
bg_roll 1,-1 :'Relative direction
bg_roll
,,,200,100 :'Absolutely pos
| BG_BORDER |
[Features] The boundary of
background graphics's parts with a collision judging is specified.
[Format] BG_BORDER n
[Explanation]
The
boundary of the parts that conflict with the sprite is specified by a pattern number.
Pattern number n = BG Horizontal position(0~) + BG Vertical position(0~) x256.
Type:
0: Before specified parts.
There is no collision.
1: A
specified parts position.
2:
After specified parts. There is a collision.
[e.g.]
bg_border 8
| BG_LOAD |
[Features] Background graphics
data is read from a file.
[Format] BG_LOAD "Filename"
[Explanation]
Although it is necessary to make it the same setup by 'BG_SCALE' for reproducing
the same screen as origin,
since it is saved per screen, the reading is possible by the different setting
only by the row of the screen changing.
[e.g.]
bg_load "map1.bg"
| BG_SAVE |
[Features] Background graphics
data is saved at a file.
[Format] BG_SAVE "Filename"
[Explanation]
The range specified by 'BG_SCALE' is saved per screen.
[e.g.]
bg_save "map1.bg"
| BG_GET |
[Features] The pattern number
of the parts of background graphics is acquired.
[Format] BG_GET(x, y [,n])
[Explanation]
There are two coordinates which can be specified.
n= 0: Coordinate in the same
pixel unit as a display. (It is the same as 'BG_PUT')
n= 1: Coordinate in the parts unit
of the whole background graphics. (It is the same as 'BG_FILL')
If 3rd parameter 'n' omit, it will
become the same as 0.
'n' is the
number 0 or 1 only, as switch.
Can
not specify variables and formula.
Return value:
Pattern number =
BG Horizontal position(0~) + BG Vertical position(0~) x256.
[e.g.]
a=bg_get(24,16,1)
b=bg_get(8,3)
BG_MAP
[Features] The scroll
coordinate of background graphics are acquired.
[Format] BG_MAP(n)
[Explanation]
The current scroll position is returned. (upper left 0,0).
n=0: Scroll position of horizontal.
n=1: Scroll position of vertical.
[e.g.]
a=bg_map(0)
SP_MAPX SP_MAPY
[Features] The arbitrary
display position, 'which part(BG-graphics) corresponds to?', the position is
returned.
[Format] SP_MAPX(n) SP_MAPY(n)
[Explanation]
The arbitrary display position 'n',
'which part(BG-graphics) corresponds
to?'
The position is returned.
Even while BG-graphics is scrolling,
it's calculated and the position is returned.
SP_MAPX(n): give pixel pos-X to 'n', and
returned BG-parts pos-X.
SP_MAPY(n):
give pixel pos-Y to 'n', and returned BG-parts pos-Y.
Sprite and
BG-graphics processing can be handled concisely
with 'bg_get()','sp_bghit()',
and (writting)'bg_put','bg_fill'
but this function use when
more complex processing.
The acquired
value can be used for 'bg_fill' as it is.
[e.g.] Write Data-16 to 'BG-graphics of Sprite-No.4
pos'.
x=sp_mapx(sp_stat(4,0))
y=sp_mapy(sp_stat(4,1))
bg_fill 16,x,y
| BG_GENE |
[Features] To acquire
enumeration of newly appearing BG-parts numbers by BG-scroll, and assist with
the appearance of Sprite-characters.
[Format] BG_GENE(n)
[Explanation]
When want to generate sprite at a specific position in BG-scroll screen,
data is embedded at BG map and
used.
When BG-screen scroll on all
directions,
newly parts group
occur at once every 16 pixels, with horizontal or vertical row.
(When BG view size is 256pixel, 16parts
and a little something extra occur)
It's possible to program which generates Sprite-characters
according to the part number
obtained from there.
(Parts number in
buffer) n = BG Horizontal position(0~) + BG Vertical position(0~) x256.
n:
0: The number of emerging parts
1: The first part X-coordinate
2: The first part Y-coordinate
3: To return horizontalscroll=0,
verticalscroll=1
4: To return
verticalscroll=0, horizontalscroll=1
[5 or later]: To return the emerging parts numbers
The parts data falls within the range 5
to 4+bg_gene(0).
As soon as the last
position data is read out, the value of bg_gene(0) is cleared, it becomes 0.
However, when horizontal and vertical parts occur at the same time in
HV-simultaneous scrolling,
first,
horizontal scrolling data is acquired, (arrangement of parts is vertical row)
and after that, the value of
bg_gene(0) is not cleared by last value acquisition,
vertical scrolling data will be
acquired immediately.
When this
second vertical final data is acquired, the value of bg_gene(0) become 0.
By horizontal scroll, appearance of
parts is left or right,
drawing of
parts run vertical, so the data obtained is vertical row.
By vertical scroll, appearance of parts
is top or bottom,
drawing of parts
run horizontal, so the data obtained is horizontal row.
For
left scroll, the first part is top-left, the next parts will be located towards
the bottom.
The first parts
coordinates is (bg_gene(1),bg_gene(2)), and
to finding a solution of the
coordinates of (i)th parts,
x=bg_gene(1)+i*16*bg_gene(3)
y=bg_gene(2)+i*16*bg_gene(4)
this is
the coordinate of the upper-left corner of the (i)th parts.
By either horizontal or vertical scroll
direction,
bg_gene(3) and bg_gene(4)
are counteracting the amplification of value of X or Y.
The other directions are below.
For right scroll, the first part is
top-right, the parts drawing run towards the bottom.
For up scroll, the first part is
top-left, the parts drawing run towards the right.
For down scroll, the first part is
bottom-left, the parts drawing run towards the right.
Please refer to included sample
"smp_gene.bas" for actual usage.
*The places(parts number) of
buffer assigned to the Sprite generating,
for actual usage, to keep the
places plain color.
This
indicate the kind of Sprite to generate,
and it differs from actual
displayed Sprite patterns.
[e.g.] "smp_gene.bas" partial excerpt
250 lp01:
260 for i=1 to ec
270 sp_put i
280 cx(i)+=1 :'move sprite
according to scroll
290 if sp_out(i)thenkn=i:i-=1:gosub ckill: :continue
:'erase it if outside of screen
300
next
310 bg_roll -1,0 :'scroll
-occur bg_gene data in here for every 16 pixels
320 if bg_gene(0)>0 then :'if data is
newly generated
330 lp02:
340 for i=0 to bg_gene(0)-1 :'only
the number of parts
350 if
bg_gene(i+5)>=2 then :'if each data is 2 or more, sprite generation according
to it
360 ec+=1
370 nx=bg_gene(1)+i*16*bg_gene(3)
:'finding solution of X-coordinates of each parts
380 ny=bg_gene(2)+i*16*bg_gene(4) :'and
Y-coordinates
390
na=bg_gene(i+5)-2:gosub cmake: :'sprite generation according to it
400 endif
410 next
420 endif
430 if bg_gene(0)>0 then goto lp02:
:'if vertical data also occurs simultaneously, onemore processing
440 vsync
450 goto lp01:
Square:BG-blocks, Circle:Sprite occurrence
Blue circle appear many times.
Red circle is deleted from the map by 'BG_GDSET' setting when it
appears, so it doesn't appear after the second lap.
| BG_GDSET |
[Features] For make sure that
the Sprite which appeared by 'BG_GENE' doesn't come out repeatedly,
to specify the range of parts number that will be erased from
BG-map simultaneously with appearing.
[Format] BG_GDSET [start-parts-number],[end-parts-number]
[,'SP_OUT' extended range]
[Explanation]
The
parts specified by this, it appears once, it will be cleared with 0 on the
BG-map.
The range of parts number is
specified.
About 'SP_OUT': the spread of screen range,
it can be specified per pixel with
'BG_GDSET' 3rd, 4th parameter.
(3rd-horizontally, 4th-vertically)
Please refer to 'SP_OUT' linked with this setting.
[e.g.]
"smp_gene.bas" partial excerpt
190 bg_gdset 3,10
'When parts
of the number from 3 to 10 appears with scrolling,
leave the data in 'BG_GENE', and
the data is cleared by 0 from BG-map.
| SP_BGHIT |
[Features] Returns the value of
the collision detection between sprite and background graphics's parts.
[Format] SP_BGHIT(SpriteNo
[, DirectionX, DirectionY] )
[Explanation]
It check whether a specified side is the
parts of the collision.
The
side is 'SP_MARGIN'judgment position of the direction + 'SP_BGHIT'specified
amount.
When
there is at least one collision part, the return value=2 is returned.
When all are the boundary parts of
'BG_BORDER', the return value=1 is returned.
Otherwise, The return value=0 is
returned.
In the reversal parts, not
to able to distinguish properly, because it contain reversal value.
When DirectionX,DirectionY is (0,0), The collision parts inside
sprite(inside MARGIN) is investigated.
The return value is the same as the case
of the side.
In the case of the description from
which (DirectionX,DirectionY) was omitted,
[only one parameter - e.g.:
sp_bghit(spriteNO) ]
to
read the central point of whole size of Sprite and,
to distinguish whether or not
it is collision parts specified by 'BG_BORDER'.
If collision-parts(including the
specified position) then retuen the BG-pattern-number,
otherwise non-collision-parts
then return 0.
[e.g.]
a=sp_bghit(0,1,0)
In the case of [SpriteSize16（Coordinate0,0）, MARGIN4,
SP_BGHIT(0,1,0)]
x=12 position on the
right-hand side of sprite investigates whether it is a part of a collision
judging.
When the direction X is a
minus value,
the margin
position on the left of sprite, direction X, the position is investigated.
[e.g.] Background graphic &
collision sample.
[smp_bghit.bas]
100
line(16,0)-(31,15),col(14),b
110
line(32,0)-(47,15),col(10),b
120
line(48,0)-(63,15),col(13),b
130
line(51,3)-(60,12),col(9),b
140
get@(0,0),64,16,(0,0)
150 sp_def
0,(48,0),16,16
160 cls 3 :
print"Touch!"
170 sp_on 0,1 :
sp_margin 0,3
180 bg_scale 2,2
190 bg_view 0,0,256,256
200 bg_border 1
210 bg_fill 2,0,0,15,0:bg_fill
2,0,15,15,15
220 bg_fill
2,0,0,0,15:bg_fill 2,15,0,15,15
230
bg_fill 1,5,5,9,9
240 bg_scene 0,0
250 screen1,1,1,1
260 x=80:y=128:mx=1:my=-1
270 '
280 for i=1 to 4000
290 if touch(2)>0 and touch(1)<256
then bg_put touch(0),touch(1),1
300
sp_put 0,(x,y),0
310
h1=sp_bghit(0,mx,0)
320
h2=sp_bghit(0,0,my)
330 h4=h3 :
h3=sp_bghit(0,0,0)
340 if
h3<>h4 then print h3
350 if
h1=2 then mx=-mx:print h1
360 if h2=2
then my=-my:print h2
370 bg_roll
mx,my
380 vsync 1
390 next
| OPENGL |
[Features] It change to the
drawing display mode by OpenGL.
[Format] OPENGL ON|OFF|0~4
[Explanation]
High-speed displaying is enabled by the OpenGL mode.
It corresponds to all the
displays of Text, Graphics, Sprite, and BG-graphics.
It exert the effect
especially in display with motion of sprite and BG-graphics.
Although it can shift to
OpenGL mode from program as it is, as procedure,
to execution 'opengl
on' after finishing all the BG-graphics setup by 'bg_' command.
('bg_scene' is possible at
a later)
It becomes
'opengl off' automatically at the time of program end.
The notes in OpenGL mode.
Although drawing to real screen can be performed, display is not
updated.(bg_put..etc)
It is necessary to reconstruct the screen individually
by 'opengl
[number]'command in described below for update.
(It take many processing
and stop for a moment, as battery, continuous update is not recommended)
There is not spherical
connection display at edge of the map.
(The outside of range is not displayed properly)
In OpenGL mode, a lot of
memory is consumed by BG-graphics display.
If specify large size of
'bg_scale' in low memory & low spec machine,
it may become 'Out
of memory error' or end processing by memory breakage.
ON To set OpenGL drawing display mode.
OFF To set Normal drawing
display mode.
Number
0~4
From the
real screen updated on each screen,
to reconstruct
the screen for OpenGL and make it reflect in display.
0 'Text screen'
is reconstructed. (after 'print' command ..etc)
1 'Graphic screen' is
reconstructed. (after 'line','circle' command ..etc)
2 'Graphic buffer' is
reconstructed. (after 'gload' command ..etc)
3 'BG-graphics map' is
reconstructed. (after 'bg_put','bg_fill' command ..etc)
e.g. opengl 3
[e.g.]
'Sample program: 'acsamp.bas' - Line
250
250 opengl on
Please change in this way and run.
The sample
high-speed scrolling of BG-graphics screen by flick.
[smp_opengl.bas]
100 '
110
cls3:screen,,,1<
br> 120sx=12:sy=2
130 for i=0 to 15
140
line(0,i)-(15,i),rgb(200-i*6,48+i*8,64+i)
150 next
160 get@(0,0),16,16,(16,0):cls 2
170 if size(0)+size(1)>800 then
sz=2 else sz=1
180 bg_scale
sx,sy
190 bg_view 0,0,256,256,sz
200 for y=0 to sy-1
210 for x=0 to sx-1
220
symbol(x*16,y*16),hex$(x)+hex$(y),12
230 next
240 next
250 getbitmap:cls 2
260 for x=0 to sx*16-1
270 for y=0 to sy*16-1
280 if pixc(x,y)<>0 then
bg_fill 1,x,y
290 next
300 next
310 init"kb:0"
320 opengl on :ui_msg"Flick"
330 'loop
340 vsync
350x=-touch(3):y=-touch(4)
360 bg_roll x+mx,y+my
370 mx=mx+x/16-sgn(mx)/10
380 my=my+y/16-sgn(my)/10
390 goto 340